Economy

Copper markets will remain tight on the back of growing physical deficits and pressure on capex. Policy-rate increases by central banks, uncertainty over re-opening in China and its fiscal-stimulus plans in the short run restrain risk taking. In the long run, the implications of China’s inward turn will keep supply-concentration risk for metals high, given its dominance of base-metals refining globally. Notwithstanding the disconnect between physical and futures markets, we remain bullish metals mining equities, and remain long the XME ETF.

Provided that US inflation is due to excess demand rather than supply constraints, demand destruction will likely be needed to bring core inflation below 3.5%. Such growth contraction is positive for counter-cyclical currencies like the US dollar. In China, the Party's focus is to alleviate structural inequality and a long-term confrontation with the US; and authorities are not yet panicking about the cyclical state of the economy. Hence, an economic recovery is unlikely in the coming months.

Older workers have deserted the labour force in the US and the UK, but not so in the Euro area and Japan. The result is that wage inflation is red hot in the US and the UK, but not so in the Euro area and Japan. Hence, the Bank of Japan is right to remain a lone dove, the ECB must pivot from its uber-hawkish stance quite soon, but the Fed and the BoE must not pivot from their uber-hawkish stance too soon. We go through the major investment implications.

China's economy is about to experience demand-driven deflation. The lack of an economic recovery and falling producer prices will depress corporate profits and, hence, share prices. Beijing will allow the yuan to depreciate more to prop up its economy.