Monetary Policy

In Section I, we respond to the ongoing challenge to our view that the US economy is on a recessionary path. The available evidence overwhelmingly supports the notion that US monetary policy is tight, which argues against the “no landing” economic scenario. It also underscores that the recessionary clock is indeed ticking unless the monetary policy stance eases soon. The “soft landing” narrative remains improbable and may have been unduly boosted by artificially low inflation readings over the summer. Until concrete signs of the meaningful rate cuts emerge, we will continue to recommend that investors maintain defensive portfolio positions. In Section II, we review the “modern-day” Phillips Curve, and explain why it is unlikely that the Fed will see a sustainable return to its 2% target without a rise in the unemployment rate above NAIRU.

Stocks should continue to rally in the near term, but investors should prepare to turn more defensive towards the end of the year in advance of a recession in 2024.

The Fed and ECB talked a good game as they redoubled their commitments to returning core inflation to 2% p.a. at Jackson Hole. However, their outmoded inflation-fighting playbooks do not address supply tightness in commodity and energy markets, which keeps inflation risk elevated. The proposed expansion of the BRICS states seeks to capitalize on these trends, and supports efforts to weaken the centrality of the USD in global trade. We remain long commodity exposure via ETFs to retain exposure to energy and metals producers and refiners.

In this report, we assess the best opportunities in inflation-linked bonds in the major developed economies, based on trends in growth, inflation and the stance of monetary policies in each country. We conclude that the environment is turning more challenging for European inflation-linked bond performance versus nominal government bonds, while the opposite is true in Japan. In the US, US TIPS breakevens have likely peaked, particularly at the short end.

Investors should prepare for an equity market pullback this fall, prefer Treasuries over stocks, and US defensives over cyclicals. A pullback could also morph into another bear market given that monetary policy is tight, policy uncertainty will spike, global growth is slowing, and geopolitical risks are still high.

The next six-to-nine months hold a crucial test of whether the equity market will ratify the soft landing and the Biden administration or not. If so, then markets will rally on policy continuity and likely gridlock. If not, then markets will struggle until the election is over and again in 2025-26.

Time is running out on the Bank of England’s tightening cycle. UK economic growth is flirting with recession, unemployment is rising, house prices are contracting and inflation is decelerating. Markets are overestimating the eventual bottom in UK inflation, and thus are also underestimating how much the Bank of England will eventually cut rates in the next easing cycle, which could begin as soon as H1/2024. The backdrop is turning increasingly positive for Gilts on a medium-term basis, while the overbought pound is due for a breather.

Some thoughts on this week’s bear-steepening of the Treasury curve and this morning’s employment report.

The Supreme Court is a generator of certainty rather than uncertainty for US markets. In the event of a constitutional crisis, a court intervention will likely reduce volatility.

The US is not out of the woods when it comes to inflation, which means that it is too early to conclude that the Fed can stop raising rates. Any further increase in inflation risk would prompt us to turn more cautious on stocks.